In Search of a Right Topic

Recently, in different scenarios I have revealed some level of anxieties to my friends who were very kind and willing to listen to my complaints about hurdles here and there toward getting my dissertation done.

Prof. Don Davis of Columbia University has an interesting and very insightful little essay for Econ Ph.D students on how to start the Ph.D dissertation research. He listed out all the important strategies to keep in mind for a student to discover his/her own "right topic". Although my previous 4+ years of experiences in studying and conducting research almost coincidentally yet strictly followed his advices, such as "read theory and empirics as much, find research frontier, go to weekly seminar in my interested field, read NBER working papers and best journals selectively, Talk! Talk! and Write! and Write!", I definitely also made some big mistakes in terms of allocating time and resources on some wrong directions, which were warned by Don. I spent WAY too much time attending classes in not just all econ subjects, but also in Sociology, Law, Education, Psychology, etc. My motivation was, to truly understand the comparative advantages and disadvantages of both quantitative and qualitative researches methods and to learn as much as knowledge about institutions that backs up our economic phenomena.

So now, on the third day of the summer of 2010 where I am dedicated to a daily routine of conducting research, what strategies should I take to pick up on what I am doing and make the type of progress that I am expecting efficiently? In other words, Don gave a lot of great ideas to students to "start" their very first research project, but how do I "resume" upon what I have done before and have outstanding achievements?

I would like to go back to the very 2nd question Don suggested students to ask---How do I know if I have an interesting topic? In my last blog article, I listed all the topics that I am going to write upon in this coming year, covering a broad range of topics from educational system in Asian countries to entrepreneurship in the ed field to human capital theories, etc. But, now the question for myself is: which topic (or the more detailed subfield questions)on my list, is an important problem with real-world counterparts and that matter in substantive terms and moreover that my approach to the problem is new? Which part that I am working on will make the readers, who are familiar with the literature, after reading my paper, will be able to see the world differently? (Almost like all the high emotions I felt when I just enrolled to the doctoral program and started to read some brilliantly done papers, especially the ones about marriage institutions!)?

So now, looking back to the fields that I have ever worked on in the past 4 years, which fields I gained the most intellectual excitement when doing my own research? Human capital and economic growth, program evaluations, teacher's pay, university internationalization, gender econ, labor econ, even, cognitive sciences/ test scores/ the production function of education? Which one did I have the most ideas pouring out of my mind when I was taking classes, participating discussions and writing models? Which one did I write some models that later on I found that some scholars had already done so and obtained high reputation of the work, which, shows myself where my talents outbursted?

Basically, there are two types of econ researches: theoretical and empirical.
For theoretical ones, you can do a entirely new theory, or you can improve the current existing theories, or you can disapprove the current ones, "break the old and establish the new". For empirics, you can do an analysis, under certain theoretical framework, with a new dataset that no one else ever looked at it (but given the scarcity of good quality datasets, this direction, I would say, although may come with good policy implications by providing more knowledge about something we ingored before, but most of the time lacks academic rigorousness.) Empirics can also be in the form of adding some variables to current existing estimation strategies and thus improves both statistical but also economic significance of the discussion. Another type of empirics can be about using a very innovative methodology to look at some old or new issues and reach to some compelling conclusion.

I don't think I am writing an entirely new theory about one institutional dimension of human life. So, theoretical wise, I need to immerse more into the entire literature of my interested field and come up with new ideas on HOW I CAN IMPROVE the current existing theoretical and analytical framework.

Empirically, I also have a strong reluctance in only using some "untouched" dataset (e.g. something collected from field studies in China) to run a routine regression and claims novelty. Given the amount of training I have in econometrics, (besides my international mathematical contest gold medal, what else did I spiraled up these years mathematically?), I do not think that I am going to develop or invent some new econometric strategies. So, the most feasible way for me to thrive empirically will be conducting analysis using some sophisticated, large scale dataset to address some results that will make my theoretical analysis more convincing. Many discussions in recent decades about structural model and other estimation strategies in empirical studies might also conclude that my strength is in combined theoretical modeling plus some smart empirical evidence--- of course, this is more of what I WANT to pursue, because it is undoubtedly desired by most economists.

So, now the direction is much clearer, my applied field is about education, using applied theories of economics, I want to develop some innovative models based upon existing, well-established ones, to address one important question that has a real-world counterparts, and I should also work at making sure of some robust empirical evidence.

I should go back to the literature now again: to figure out, on human capital theory the most updated model, is there anything I can do about polishing its implications about gender roles and parental choices in education?

2 years, 100+ ideas, blogging plans for the year

My research projects and two educational ventures (Minds Abroad, Impact Abroad) have brought me to several conferences in the last two years: Association for Institutional Researches (AIR), University Technology Transfer Conference, Education and Venture Capital Summit (the first one was in Stanford in 2009 and it will be held in NYC this year by Berkery Noyes), NAFSA, ACTFL, etc. These several events were eye-opening and the discussions there I had with people different background were thought provoking.

Although it has been the last stage of my dissertation writing, I would like to come back here and write down what I have been learning from the real world every day. Some thoughts from the above mentioned conference experiences and also my investment experience in the past two years, cover a broad topic, while I will try to elaborate on each of them and develop them into blog writings here to share with my readers like you.

So here is the list of topics I am going to cover, in probably this coming year of writing:

1. Educational Entrepreneurship:

- How to define this newly popular concept?
- What matrix should we use for evaluation?
- What are the best practices I have seen so far in this field?
- Some experiences to share from my own investment.
- Whether and how VC funds want to tap on opportunities in this field?

2. Human Capital and the Growth of a Nation:
(This is about my own research so I have to make sure I am talking too much about this topic here)

- A unique face of globalization---international trade of "human" capital, brain drain, immigration and tech policies
- After Gary Becker, anything new in our understanding about human capital theory?
- Marriage, gender role, and the formation of human capital (yes mother is important!)

3. The Making of a New University

- "Is Harvard Replicable?" I hosted a table discussion with 20+ professors in the field of institutional research and presented a paper about this topic from an organizational development perspective in 2009, AIR conference.

- So many outdoor billboard advertisement about private universities in India, what does it mean? What does the India 2010 Foreign Investment in Higher Education Bill mean for India and for us?

- Chinese gov also published the new "National Policy" after the congressional meeting of 2010 about "opening educational field for foreign and private investment", what is happening now about this policy and what a market we will be seeing?

- With the presence of Google, Youtube, Ipod/Ipad, Twitter, and Ted, what kind of learning experiences are made for the 21st century college students? What will maintain in the old-style classroom teaching and what will change? What does a college education mean in the time of cloud computation?

4. China, India, Morocco, a Colombia? :

- With the expansion of my projects in China and India (doing business in this two countries is exciting and having staff in this two countries is rewarding! They are EXCELLENT!), and the new projects in Morocco and maybe very soon in Colombia, what kind of global citizenship am I obtaining?

- With the declining and even disappearing of the "demographic dividend" in China, what will happen in its educational market, labor market and what does it means for China's international role?

- What does the exam system work in China and when we see a student from China studying in the US, what does it mean? Who s/he is? What does s/he have gone through? I think the many NAFSAers might be interested to know the Chinese students that they have never seen, those who never got to come to study abroad in the US.

- Investing in China v.s. India (and managing the team there) lessons and tips to share

- Outside of the growth gravity center (OECD and BRIC countries), but where different civilizations meet each other (Morocco, and Colombia in some sense), do the principles we learned here (about market mechanism, parental investment behavior in children, ROI of education, peer effect, matching issues in labor market, etc.) apply to people's life there?

- And many more other thoughts under a comparative perspective.


When I feel "emotional" sometimes, I might share some photos, music, poems, or some bad jokes. My figures are crossed for myself to not come here but only complain too much about how stressful it is to work on a doctoral dissertation!